![]() Weak Emergence: Weak versions of emergence refer to phenomena that are in principle derivable from the laws or organizing principles for, or from an exhaustive knowledge about, their constituents. Here is a more detailed description of the two kinds of emergence as we are characterizing them: This Funding Competition will only fund projects where the research to be conducted concerns strong emergence. Thus, for the sake of clarity, we distinguish between two types of emergence: weak emergence and strong emergence. This term generally refers to the appearance of higher-level properties, behaviors, or entities that arise from the collective dynamics of a system’s components, where the higher-level phenomena are, in some sense, “more than the sum of” the components or the behavior or properties of the components. One challenge for such research is that the term “emergence” is not used univocally. We believe that this is an opportune time to investigate such questions through rigorous scientific investigation, and it is our hope that this Funding Competition will promote such investigation. ![]() ![]() ![]() However, at present we lack a thorough understanding of whether and to what extent the conceptions of emergence employed by physicists and philosophers of physics are satisfied by physical phenomena. Since the 1972 publication of Philip Anderson’s seminal paper, “More is Different,” physicists have been interested in whether and to what extent there are phenomena best described as “emergent.” This interest has spread throughout a range of areas within physics, due in no small part to the fact that on some conceptions of emergence entirely new properties, entities, and behaviors appear at many different levels of complexity-novelties that “require research which is just as fundamental in its nature as any other.”* ![]()
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